Many neurological disorders are characterized by loss of different types of neurons. Reprogramming is a process in which glial cells in the brain are changed into functional neurons. Two aspects are reprograming by small molecules to induce the Gabaergic Phenotype and reprogramming using viruses that encode transcription factors to induce a dopaminergic phenotype. A third aspect is exploring the mechanism by which NeuroD1, a transcription factor, reprograms glial cells into functional Glutamatergic neurons.