Childhood adversity is thought to negatively influence the stress response in adults, affecting cortisol levels such that cortisol output is lower in response to stressors. Females produce less cortisol in response to stressors than males, which may underlie evidence indicating differing health outcomes associated with stress among males and females. This research, expanding previous work, examines whether the association between childhood adversity and cortisol in response to a social stressor differs in males and females.