Bottom-up effects of fertilizer on aphids and their natural enemies

Lady Beetles (Harmonia axyridis) are natural enemies to the aphids (Myzus persicae) and affect the reproduction of aphids. These reproductive responses can be seen when there are consumptive and non-consumptive presence of the H. axyridis. In this study, we want to take our previous knowledge about non-consumptive effects of the H. axyridis on the M. persicae with the addition of fertilized and non-fertilized collards (Brassica oleracea).