Characterization of Bifidobacterium breve Lipoprotein Structure as a TLR2 Ligand

Bacterial lipoproteins are recognized by the human immune system receptor TLR2, resulting in a response dependent upon the acylation pattern of the N-terminal cysteine residue. Gram-positive Firmicutes, a dominant phylum of the gut microbiome, demonstrate a wide variation of lipoprotein acylation patterns. Bifidobacterium breve is a member of the Firmicutes associated with anti-inflammation. Characterizing unknown lipoprotein acylation patterns and associated enzymes can lead to distribution of new probiotic species to treat symptoms of inflammatory diseases.