Examining the Role of Perceptions in the Appraisal of Mental Health, Self-Stigma, Resource Availability, and Work Environment Among Healthcare Providers at Different Career Stages in the Emergency Department

Charlotte Harris

Background: Psychological distress among emergency department (ED) providers is a pervasive concern within healthcare. However, the phenomenon of clinicians not seeking treatment is complex, encompassing factors such as providers' fear, limited time, insufficient resources, and stigma. Many of the cited barriers, including resource availability and stigma have improved with recent efforts, however this is still a need on going to address concerns. Therefore, this thesis sought to examine the generational differences in provider perceptions of resource availability throughout training, stigma, and the status of mental health in the ED in hopes of understanding how individual experiences shape perceptions, across three cohorts of ED providers at an academic medical center.Methods: A two-wave, sequential mixed-methods study was conducted to collect data from ED physicians, advanced practice providers (APPs; i.e., nurse practitioners and physician assistants), and resident physicians. The wave 1 survey assessed demographic information in addition to resource availability during training, institutional monitoring, and institutional regulations. Wave 2 qualitative interviews were subsequently conducted to further explore survey findings and themes. Thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data.Results: The wave 1 respondent sample included 20 physicians, 10 APPs, and 13 residents (an overall survey response rate of 39% of all ED clinical staff).  There were 13 in-training providers, 21 early/mid-career providers, and 9 senior-career providers included in the quantitative sample. From the survey, more than two-thirds of in-training and early/mid-career providers perceived to have access to wellness programming, mental health counselors, crisis resources, and peer support throughout education and training, whereas less than 25% of senior-career providers reported having the same resources. The results from the survey helped in the development of the interview guide and shaped the qualitative assessment. The interview sample included 6 physicians, 8 APPs, and 2 residents (75% of whom had completed the initial survey). 4 participants were designated as in-training, 6 as early/mid-career, and 6 as senior-career. Thematic analysis identified three main themes: (1) perceptions of mental health care and resource accessibility across training, (2) perceived cultural and self-stigma, and (3) a negative ED culture.Conclusion: Findings highlight a significant disconnect in reported resource availability and stigma across generations. This disconnect may, in part, emphasize the significance of providers' perceptions and clarify how they impact provider mental health and well-being. Future research should examine the evolution of social, occupational, mental, and physiological influences and the impact on provider perceptions, to better understand the mental health crisis in medicine.

Major: 
Biobehavioral Health
Exhibition Category: 
Social and Behavioral Sciences
Exhibition Format: 
Poster Presentation
Campus: 
University Park
Faculty Sponsor: 
Joshua Smyth
Poster Number: 
199