Childhood maltreatment is significantly prevalent and is known to contribute to increased levels of adverse outcomes such as depression and changes in the brain (such as variations in gray matter volume). It is still unknown though which brain regions may be affected by depression and childhood maltreatment, and how childhood maltreatment may increase risk for developing depression. It is essential to know which regions of the brain are impacted by child maltreatment, depression, or both to further understand different behavioral and health outcomes (such as depression) that result from different regions being affected. The question of interest was, “does the effect of child maltreatment on depression look different based on gray matter volume?” To answer this, a narrative review was conducted using primary research articles identified in PubMed and the Penn State Library's online platforms. The primary search terms used were “childhood maltreatment and depression and gray (grey) matter.” The final sample included 11 different studies exploring the association between all three topics concurrently. Based on this literature review, the brain areas impacted by childhood maltreatment and depression included the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex (PFC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), amygdala, insula, and cingulate cortex as common sites of structural alteration. It was found that there was a correlation between depression, childhood maltreatment, and gray matter volume. Specifically, as childhood maltreatment occurred, there was increased rates of depression, and decreased volumes of gray matter volume. These regions of the brain are associated with control of emotions and memory. Without adequate gray matter volume, deficits in these processes occur and increase the risk of depression. Different therapies and interventions can alleviate some depressive symptoms, yet interventions must continue to be researched and tailored to the individual. This review provides critical new information on the alterations in brain architecture caused by childhood maltreatment (CM) and depression, specifically in areas of the brain responsible for emotional regulation, memory, and stress response which is associated with increased risk of depression.